As a new player who missed out on the Observer farming on Beta and increased kernel drop rates before my time I say .... leave it the way it is. As mentioned .. you have general specialization with rank and colour of kernel giving you a base idea of the research you will get. This should not be simple, it should require a huge NiC or gameplay effort to increase your knowledge base. The advantage of older corps is what it is. I am a solo player ... to gather the higher level rarer kernels, I have 2 options .... find/kill for them, or buy them. This encourages me to play nice with others to get those kernels quicker ... nothing wrong with that. If a corp works together, they will get kernels and knowledge faster... makes sense.
Other than possible minor tweaks/balancing I think its a decent, workable system.
The only possible suggestion is in regards to corp research when the corp researcher leaves he takes his knowledge with him ...
... perhaps "x" numbers of kernels can be invested in to a new type of POS structure that adds a value to research in the owner corp ... say build a "Research Center" and throw (consume) 1000 Green lvl 4 Mech Kernels into it and any corp researcher working inside the POS radius gets an additional 10% bonus to his personal knowledge base for what those kernels would normally give him .... making some items 100% for him and prototypeable .... guy leaves and he loses that bonus. Think of it operating somewhat in the way that different levels of facilities operate now. And cap the modifier bonus at something like 10-15%. This way both corps have a "research pool" they keep and individuals still have their own. And both still need to consume kernels keeping it a commodity.
I just dont want things to be made easy in the game ... there is something to feel good about investing 4-6 months into and achieving a result rather than simply having it handed to you. My research/indy toon is already starting some research on some t3 items after 3 months ... this seems about the right grind for me, and is refocusing some of my gameplay on aquiring kernels I need to get the research I want. If it take a year - 18 months to pretty much have all research that is fine.
Tweak it maybe, but dont change the base system of research.